Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are three-layer, three-terminal semiconductor devices used to amplify or switch electrical signals. Comprising either NPN or PNP configurations, BJTs operate by controlling a large current flow between the collector and emitter terminals with a smaller base current. They are widely used in amplifiers, signal processing, switching circuits, and analog electronics due to their high gain and reliability. BJTs offer excellent linearity and fast response, making them suitable for audio, RF, and general-purpose applications. Their robust performance makes them fundamental components in many electronic systems.