Photodiodes are semiconductor devices that convert light energy into electrical current. When light falls on the photodiode’s junction, it generates charge carriers, producing a current proportional to the intensity of the incident light. They typically operate in reverse bias for faster response and higher sensitivity, though they can also work in zero-bias (photovoltaic) mode.
Photodiodes are known for their fast response time, high sensitivity, and accuracy, making them ideal for light detection and measurement applications. They can detect visible light as well as infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths, depending on the material used.