Liquid Chromatography (LC) is an analytical technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a liquid mixture. The sample is passed through a column containing a stationary phase while being carried by a liquid mobile phase, allowing separation based on interactions such as polarity, size, or affinity. LC is widely used in pharmaceuticals, biochemistry, environmental analysis, and food testing for applications like purity analysis, compound isolation, and quality control. Variants include High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC), offering high resolution, speed, and sensitivity.