Gas chromatography is a precise analytical technique used to separate, identify, and quantify volatile and semi-volatile compounds in complex mixtures. The process involves vaporizing a sample and passing it through a chromatographic column with an inert carrier gas, where different components travel at different rates based on their interactions with the column’s stationary phase. A detector at the column’s end measures the separated compounds to generate a chromatogram for analysis. GC is widely used in chemistry, pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring, food and beverage testing, forensics, and petrochemicals. It provides high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility for qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds.