Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, commonly known as the European anchovy, is a small pelagic fish widely distributed in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea; it has a slender, silver body with a distinctive large mouth and typically grows up to 12–20 cm in length; forming dense schools in coastal waters, it feeds mainly on plankton and plays an important role in the marine food chain; highly valued in commercial fisheries, it is prized for its intense, savory flavor and soft texture; naturally rich in high-quality protein, omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, and vitamin D, it offers excellent nutritional benefits; often preserved in salt or oil, it develops a deep umami taste widely used in Mediterranean cuisine; suitable for pizzas, salads, sauces, and tapas dishes, it enhances flavor in many recipes; available fresh, frozen, or canned, Engraulis encrasicolus remains a versatile and globally popular seafood choice.